Mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai
Mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai
Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ethylene a me ka propylene mai ka petroleum hydrocarbon cracking e like me nā mea polymerization, pono ka hydrogenation koho e wehe i nā mea haumia e like me alkyne, diene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide a me ka oxygen, me ka ʻole o ka nalowale o ka olefin.ʻO ka catalyst i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ka palladium, platinum a i ʻole nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, etc., ma ka alumina.He mea hoʻoheheʻe hydrogenation kohoHiki ke loaʻa nā s me nā waiwai like ʻole ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka nui o ka mea hana, ke ʻano hana o ke kākoʻo a me ka catalyst.ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka haki ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻaila, nitrobenzene hydrogenation hoʻemi i ka aniline, hydrogenation catalyst.
Catalyst no ka hydrogenation hohonu i nā pūhui saturated.E like me benzene hydrogenation i cyclohexane me nickel alumina catalyst, phenol hydrogenation i cyclohexanol, he dinitrile hydrogenation i hexdiamine me ka nickel catalyst.
Ke hoʻohana nei i ka silicon carbide a i ʻole α -alumina ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo (me ka liʻiliʻi o ka barium oxide e like me ka cocatalyst).Ma hope o ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana o ka catalyst a me ke kaʻina hana, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka ethylene ma mua o 100%.
He mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma luna o ka carbide silika a i ʻole corundum no ka hoʻohemo ʻana o ka o-xylene i ka phthalic anhydride.He mea hoʻoheheʻe i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ka pulupulu ʻana i ka mea hana o ka vanadium-molybdenum series oxides ma ka corundum no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o benzene a i ʻole butane i maleic anhydride.ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o kēia ʻano catalyst i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea he nui, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻewalu.Hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano o ka mea lawe mai ka spherical i ka pōʻai, semicircle e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻoili wela.ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau ka hahai ʻana i ka ukana kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā huahana.
E like me ka methanol oxidation i formaldehyde me ke kālā - pumice (a i ʻole alumina), iron oxide - molybdenum oxide a me ka electrolytic silver catalyst.
I nā makahiki 1960, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi catalyst i loaʻa ka bismuth-mo-phosphorus compound oxide catalyst.Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka Acrylonitrile i hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka propylene, ammonia a me ka ea ma luna o ka catalyst.I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka koho a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pollution kaiapuni, ke hoʻomaikaʻi mau nei nā ʻāina like ʻole i ka catalyst, a aia kekahi mau catalysts hou a hiki i 15 mau ʻano mea.Oxygen chlorination catalyst, ka 60's hoʻomohala keleawe chloride alumina catalyst, i loko o ka fluidized moe reactor ma o ethylene, hydrogen chloride a me ka ea a me ka oxygen hiki ke loaʻa dichloroethane.Ua pyrolyzed ʻo Dichloroethane e hana i ka monomer vinyl chloride.He mea maikaʻi kēia ʻano hana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o PVC ma nā wahi i kūʻai ʻia ka uila a hoʻomohala ʻia nā petrochemical, ke ʻano hana o ke kākoʻo a me ka catalyst.ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka haki ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻaila, nitrobenzene hydrogenation hoʻemi i ka aniline, hydrogenation catalyst.
ʻĀpana wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻana
Aia ka nui:
(1) Ethylene, propylene oxidation acetaldehyde, acetone (Wacker method), me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka palladiumchloride copper chloride solution catalyst, ma o ka olefin, ea a oxygen paha, ma hope o hoʻokahi a ʻelua ʻanuʻu o ka pane ʻana e loaʻa ai ka mea e pono ai.nā pūhui i loaʻa i ka oxygen.ʻO ka hemahema, ʻo ia ka corrosion koʻikoʻi o nā mea hana pane.
(2) Aromatic aoao kaulahao oxidationno ka hoʻoheheʻe waika aryl, e like me ka p-xylene i loko o ka solution acetic acid me ka cobalt acetate a me kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka ammonium bromide.mehana, ea oxidation production terephthalic acid, akā, corrosion koʻikoʻi o nā lako hana.
E kākau i kāu leka ma aneʻi a hoʻouna mai iā mākou
